• Vertical shading is most appropriate for east and west walls and windows to protect from hot summer sun at lower angles e.g. trees, shrubs and vines supported on a frame.
• Utilising plants that grow on walls (such as ivy) can act as thermal insulation for a building.
• Horizontal shading is best for north facing windows e.g. deciduous vines grown over a pergola.
• Tall evergreen trees should not be planted too close to north-facing windows as they create too much overshadowing in winter.